Current Problems of Politics

ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ В УКРАЇНІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Л. І. Кормич, А. І. Кормич — Fri, 27 May 2022 13:41:11 +0000

Kormych L. I., Kormych A. I. Improvement of public administration in Ukraine in the context of digitalization: theoretical aspect. – Article.
The article analyzes the conceptual foundations of the process of improving public administration in the digital age.
The focus is on the content and relationship between e-government and e-democracy. The problem is revealed based on studying the theoretical developments of leading foreign scientists in management. E-democracy is described as an advanced model of e-government that ensures two-way political communication
and the participation of non-state actors in the decision-making process. The best way to distinguish between e-government and e-democracy is to identify the primary stakeholder in transformation. If digitalization affects only the procedural aspect of public administration, it remains a matter of e-government. When transformations involve civilian control over governance, it becomes an area of e-democracy.
There are some limitations to the effectiveness of the full-scale application of the basic e-government and -democracy tools without achieving the appropriate level of "e-readiness" for the state and society. Digitization should be of interest to both the government and society and its benefits should be felt in terms of the
quality of management services and the ability to influence management decisions.
Analysis of the views of foreign experts and theorists on the functioning of public administration and administration in the information society makes it possible to adapt their findings to national practice. Generalization and use of the best foreign experience in the introduction of innovative technologies in management
will avoid some existing shortcomings in reforming the system of public administration in Ukraine. All these
issues will become especially relevant for the post-war revival and development of Ukraine and its effective
integration into European economic and security structures. Ukraine must continue to create an effective
"state in a smartphone" as part of global digitalization.

ЦИФРОВА ДИПЛОМАТІЯ ЯК ОСНОВА НОВОЇ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ

Т. М. Краснопольська, І. М. Милосердна — Fri, 27 May 2022 13:59:17 +0000

Krasnopolska T. M., Myloserdna I. M. The digital diplomacy as basis of a new public diplomacy. – Article.
The article is devoted to the analysis of presentations in relation to digital diplomacy as basis of new public diplomacy. It is set that globalization, development of communication technologies and strengthening of role and participation of communities, became pre-conditions of origin of public diplomacy in the international matters of the states. The personal touch of international relations in the conditions of globalization the keen competition of the states became for affecting public opinion, bringing in of her on the side, forming according to the national interests of character of own foreign policy. The article identifies the instruments of modern public diplomacy are: informative and explaining work is over the Internet (the special role is acquired by digital diplomacy); cultural diplomacy, that envisages the events sent to development of international cooperation in the field
of a culture (for example, centres of study of culture and language of the state are Institute of Confucius (China), Institute of Goethe (Germany) and others like that) scientific and educational exchanges and other events in relation to the increase of prestige of the state in the world. The article also notes that the features of "new public diplomacy" are: orientation on conception of "soft force", abandonment from a
monologue and forming of dialogue with societies of other countries, deployment of lobbyist businesses for forming of positive character of the state. It is set that by leading technology of new public diplomacy, that unites other instruments the so-called "digital diplomacy" that is also named "public diplomacy 2.0" becomes.
In the article marked also, that exactly digital diplomacy as part of new public diplomacy allows not only to form positive character of the state in the international arena and strengthen her "soft force", but also considerably to promote efficiency of communication channels between the different participants of global politics
of ХХІ of century

УПРАВЛІННЯ ПУБЛІЧНИМИ ФІНАНСОВИМИ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ ЯК ЗАВДАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СЛУЖБИ

М. Б. Майка, І. Г. Гакало — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:06:31 +0000

Maika M. B., Gakalo I. G. Management of public resources as a task of the civil service. – Article.
This article considers theoretical interpretations of the purpose, tasks and functions of the civil service, defines the contours of scientific controversy on the concept of "civil service", emphasizes the peculiarities of changing vectors of civil service in its modernization. Emphasis is placed on the strategic importance of state personnel policy in the formation of professional staff of public authorities. The author concludes that the civil service is a political, organizational, managerial and social institution of the state, which provides a set of relations
between individuals, citizens and their communities and between states, using power resources. The reasons are determined urgency of problems of the state and power, principles, forms, mechanisms and means of activity of the state apparatus and civil service.
The requirements for quality management of the civil service of Ukraine in modern conditions are studied. The essence of the concepts of "civil service quality management", "civil service quality", "civil service effectiveness" and "еfficiency of civil service". The normative legal acts that determine the requirements for the quality of the civil service and the instruments of international quality standards to ensure its quality, effectiveness and efficiency are analyzed.
It is argued that to ensure the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of the civil service, the principles of quality management and performance management technologies, goal management, risk management, etc. should
be used.
The author also emphasizes that an integral part of the quality of civil service is consumer orientation,
its requirements and needs and ensuring the satisfaction of citizens’ needs in providing administrative and
administrative services, as well as satisfaction of civil servants with well-performed work, their involvement
in quality management processes. motivation and social guarantees.

АНТИСЕМІТИЗМ ЯК ПОЛІТИЧНА ІДЕОЛОГІЯ

Ю. М. Манелюк, Д. Г. Пащенко — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:14:29 +0000

Maneliuk Yu. М., Pashchenko D. H. Anti-Semitism as a political ideology: origins and modernity. – Article.
This article examines and analyzes the key concepts associated with the term anti-semitism. The logical origin of this term from ancient times and the transformation of this phenomenon to the present day are traced.
The question is why anti-Semitism is called the oldest hatred in the world, and what became the basis for this ideology to appear in other forms and exist in our modern reality. The main ideological principles of Nazi Germany’s policy against the Jews as a nation are outlined. It shows the dynamics of hatred towards Judaism and the problems of selfidentification as nation and the attitude towards people of other races. Revealed terms such as judophobia, anti-semitism and fascism. The test of real examples of anti-semitism in different periods
of time and on the territory of certain countries. The problem of social and political factors, which were carried out against the Jewish communities, as a result of the chauvinistic policy of the German state, is discussed.
Anti-Semitism, racism, xenophobia and other types of intolerance and discrimination, not only threaten the security of the individuals or communities targeted by them, but also contribute to an unhealthy environment
conducive to the rise of extremism, terrorism and crime. Hatred of people on any other grounds has spread like poison on the public basis of some countries, affecting some nationalities and entire countries. Ideologies and the backbone of propaganda could be built on this, just to prove that these were people of a different sort and quality, far inferior to those who used this pretext as a weapon of mass destruction. The interesting fact
is that anti-Semitism reached its peak in Nazi Germany, it is true, but it is the hatred of people that was born of others same, goes back to the distant pages of history that we have not even thought about. And why
is that? As the author of this article, I hope it helps to give you an answer to this question and many others that are raised about this issue. In our opinion, this article is more relevant than ever to all of humanity, and why in every period of time
people have tended to divide into those who are own and those who are foreign, who is worth living and who is not. But it is worth remembering that hatred of any kind is repugnant, and kills in us what is called
humanity.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ ПОЛІТИКО-ПРАВОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВИ

У. В. Мовчан — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:25:33 +0000

Movchan U. V. Methodological approaches to the implementation of strategic planning of political and legal development of the state. – Article.
The article considers the classifications of methodological approaches to implementing strategic planning.
Particular emphasis is placed on methodological approaches adapted to the possibilities of strategic planning of political and legal development of the state. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are investigated.
Most attention is focused on studying the methodological approaches of J. Bryson and L. Edwards. Three groups are considered, with a total of nine separate methodological approaches. The modern approaches of researchers S. Mishra and B. Mohanty are also analyzed, distinguishing six strategic planning approaches.
The sequence of strategic planning processes in the public sector on the example of the Harvard model is considered. It is emphasized that the sequence in the process of strategic planning of the political and legal development of the state is not always possible or necessary.
The methodological problems of strategic planning in the present are analyzed, and the necessity of using approaches that take into account current issues is substantiated. In particular, it is emphasized that strategic
planning processes today are associated with uncertainty, which creates a discourse for flexible planning.
In addition, the need for multi-level participation in strategic planning is emphasized.
An overview of the shortcomings of methodological approaches to the implementation of strategic planning in the late 20th century to lay the foundation for their further improvement in the present.
Adaptations of specific methodological approaches to strategic planning in the commercial sector for use
in planning the political and legal development of the state have been studied. In particular, A. Weining’s
adaptation of M. Porter’s model of the «five forces» of the private sector for the public sector is considered.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ЯК ФАКТОРУ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ЗМІН СУЧАСНОСТІ

А. О. Рубан — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:30:26 +0000

Ruban А. О. Theoretical and methodological foundations for formation of Ukrainian identity as a factor
of today’s social and political changes. – Article.
The article considers and substantiates the opinion that civic identity has various stages of presentation,
which can be explained by internal, regional and sociocultural differences. It reveals varied approaches to
exploration of identity, which is determined by the complexity and multidimensional nature of both identity
as a phenomenon and identity as a notion.
It brings to notice that Ukraine is currently at the specific stage of its development, when civic identity
becomes the basis for consolidation of various ethnic and cultural communities. The author remarks that it is
important for the Ukrainian society to develop ethnic, local, regional, European and global identity, because
rational development of identity is the key to Ukraine’s successful development.
It is asserted that every person residing in the territory of Ukraine needs to identify themselves as Ukrainians, with respect for the multicultural nature of the human community. Self-identification of an individual
turns into love of one’s homeland, and then transforms into respect for one’s state and nation.
Forming civic identity is crucial for Ukraine. Due to peculiarities of its historical development (gaining real
independence only in the late 20th century), our country found itself in a situation best described as «symmetrical dichotomy»: it has to build an ethno-national state and a state of civic nation at the same time.
The Russo-Ukrainian war has united representatives of many nationalities, ethnic groups and religious
communities, helped to reappraise the values and establish codes of ethics, and decide on new milestones and
priorities that have weaved into a particular system of civic ideas and now ensure consolidation of all people
in the unified Ukraine.

РОЛЬ ХАРИЗМАТИЧНОЇ СИГНАЛІЗАЦІЇ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ЛІДЕРСТВА В СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

С. М. Наумкіна, П. Л. Гайдаєнко — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:36:58 +0000

Naumkina S. M., Gaidaenko P. L. The role of charismatic signaling in the context of political leadership
in social networks. – Article.
The article examines the features of the use of social networks to broadcast verbal and nonverbal markers
of charismatic leadership.
The aim of the article is a theoretical and methodological justification of the influence of charismatic
signaling in social networks on the formation of the image of a charismatic leader in the eyes of followers.
To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to define the main concepts of the study; to carry out theoretical and conceptual substantiation of the role of charismatic signaling; consider the main features
of verbal and nonverbal signals; analyze this phenomenon in the political sphere.
Research methods such as analysis, synthesis, content analysis, theoretical generalization, comparative
analysis in the context of political science research and structural-functional method were used.
The constant expansion of the media sphere constant expansion of the contributes to the emergence of new
genres, including blogs. Some members of the ruling elite are adapting to the passage of time and current
trends, as a result of which it becomes necessary to maintain their blog, their website, create a communication
field and "grateful" audience to promote their ideas, positions, self-promotion.Examples of the political impact of disseminating large amounts of information on social networks in the context of the COVID-19 crisis
and the escalation of the military-political conflict in Ukraine are considered. Thus, the media becomes both
a factor and a consequence of political activity, a goal and a means of politics, an integral part of the political
process.
Some perspectives of charismatic signals in the context of information networks are analyzed and a set
of verbal and nonverbal signals that are expected to cause charismatic influence is considered.
Emphasis is placed on the fact that signaling through information networks is differential. Signals
for successful influence through verbal forms of communication on social media include not only rhetoric and
frequency of metaphors, but also the characteristics of the leader: the strength of the voice, gestures that in one
way or another affect the perception of speech and more.
It is concluded that each of the techniques of charismatic signaling and abilities of the leader allows followers to understand what he is broadcasting. In terms of influence through text-dominated networks, charismatic leaders actively use semiotically enriched text, where visual techniques are used to emphasize a specific
message. It is determined that this topic opens opportunities for scientific research on political, social or psychological topics.

ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ПРЕДСТАВНИЦТВА

В. А. Воробйов — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:42:02 +0000

Vorobiov V. A. Institutional Determinants of Political Representation: Parties, Parliament, Mass Media. – Article.
The article is devoted to defining the institutional determinants of political representation. The focus of the research is political parties, the parliament, and the mass media, which form the public dimension of political representation in Ukraine. It has been stated that at the present stage lobbying (which is an important institution of representation) has not entered the practice of public representation of the interests of social groups.
Based on institutional theory, the main problems of the institutional dimension of political representation have been identified. The directions of reforming the system of political representation in Ukraine in order to ensure the most optimal representation of the interests of different social groups have been offered. In particular, the emphasis has been placed on the need for further institutionalization of political parties as representatives of the interests of social groups and communities, abandoning their formation on the principle of
"grab everyone", developing party doctrines, and increasing attention to the ideological plane of party activity.
It has been noted that in the conditions of the mediatization of politics and positioning of mediacracy as one of the new ruling classes, the communicative dimension of political representation needs to be significantly improved. One of the main prerequisites for political representation in the information society is equal access to the media.
Democratic political representation is interpreted as the basis for public policy-making according to the public interest. This should be facilitated by the introduction of rational debates in the mass media, which can potentially counteract media scandals and the format of political shows. It has been substantiated that strengthening the role of parliamentarism as an institutional determinant of political representation implies a choice between the majoritarian and proportional electoral systems. In our opinion, this choice should be
made in favor of the open-list proportional electoral model.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНІ УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО КОНФЛІКТ В ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ

Ю. В. Завгородня — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:46:45 +0000

Zavgorodnya Yu. V. Transformational ideas about conflict in political processes. – Article.
The research is devoted to the changes that are taking place in the conflict in the political sphere. After all, due
to the change in most of the communication in the conflict, in essence, begins to create new mechanisms of influence. Cyberspace is today an important area for political confrontation. Modern forms of communication receive
a new format of interaction that saves time, creates new rules of conduct, principles that take the form of information custom, or cyber slang, which today becomes part of the lexicon of political and civic communication.
Given the peculiarities of the perception of political reality, existing knowledge and theoretical developments on the essential idea of political conflict, there is a need to develop new ideas that have transformed
most processes in the information space, cyber aspects of conflict activity, political power and balance of power cyberconflict.
In the political processes of Ukraine there is a protracted process of changing the political regime, a sense
of transit of the state with a lack of a clear system of tactical and strategic actions. However, the process of
reformatting political communication with voters, holding public political meetings live, discussing and polling online has been quite successful and has quickly adapted policymakers to increase support in society.
The urgency of the transformation of conflict forms of interaction between policy actors is becoming relevant and requires the formation of a number of systematized ideas about cyberconflicts as a kind or part
of the existing political conflict. Modern forms of life transformation demonstrate new processes that require
grouping and interpretation, and therefore conflicts are no exception, on the contrary, there is an urgent need
to explore new processes of confrontation for balanced and balanced activities to complete it.

НОВИЙ ПОПУЛІЗМ ЯК ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ПАРТІЙ

О. О. Заславська, О. А. Посвістак, В. В. Налімова — Fri, 27 May 2022 14:55:15 +0000

Zaslavska O. O., Nalimova V. V., Posvistak O. A. New populism as a technology of political marketing
of political parties. – Article.
The article analyzes the marketing strategies of leading Ukrainian political parties and identifies the place
of "new populism" technology in these strategies. The authors considered the problems of populism and determined that populism acquires the quality of virtual political action. This is happening in the context of the
mediatization of politics; in an environment where messages on social networks and the media become substitutes for specific political actions and decisions.
Media reality becomes a simulator of political reality, and media coverage of politics becomes a simulator
(media replacement) of the existing political reality. The authors found that under such conditions, traditional
populism is being replaced by new populism based on the active use of powerful digital technologies.
The authors analyzed the programs of the leading political parties of Ukraine (“Servant of the People
Party”, “European Solidarity”, “Voice”, “Motherland”, “The Opposition Platform – For Life”) and found that
they usually relate to reducing tax pressure, creating new jobs, increasing pensions and wages, social protection, etc. and, at the same time, there are no prescribed ways to achieve the stated goals. This indicates
the market orientation of the parties, as the provisions of the program are clearly correlated with the demands
of Ukrainians identified in the polls.
Ukrainian political parties are practically not focused “on product” and “on sales”, as the Ukrainian political market does not meet the model of “free competition”, which complicates the promotion of party products. Market orientation inevitably leads to the need to reconcile the steps of political marketing with electoral
expectations, and the mediatization of political culture allows populists to gain the widest possible support,
showing themselves as bright leaders and true representatives of the "people".

ДЕСТРУКТИВНИЙ ВПЛИВ НОВИХ ФОРМ АКТИВНОСТІ В СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ НА ПОЛІТИЧНУ КУЛЬТУРУ

Ю. А. Кокарча — Fri, 27 May 2022 15:02:02 +0000

Kokarcha Yu. A. Destructive influence of new forms of activity in social networks on political culture. – Article.
The interaction of public authorities and society, which takes place through the establishment of various
types of communication, ensures the development of democratic values and orientations. The problems that
arise in the process of such communication are known and studied by many scientists. However, modern
political life is characterized by a number of changes caused by the rapid development of the Internet, information and communication technologies. Total internetization affects the functioning of the political system
and its subsystems, strengthens the importance of political, cultural and communicative levels.
Today, the media are defined as an important information and communication resource and a powerful factor influencing policy, even claiming the status of a separate branch of the government. Traditional
media are gradually being replaced by the new (electronic) ones, which causes changes in the ways of obtaining political information and its quality, affects the attitude towards political events and processes, features
of political culture and models of political behavior.
New media have a certain format of providing information, which, on one hand, contributes to its diversity
and speed of its receipt, on the other – creates a number of problems of its perception and analysis. Modern
political discourse gets enriched with opportunities, acquires new features and dimensions. At the same time,
there is a noticeable tendency of increase the political involvement of the media resources themselves, when
they are used as tools of political competition, struggle, confrontation, war.
That is why the article in a comparative aspect demonstrates the statistics of Internet users, positions
the popularity and types of social networks. Flash mobs, fundraising, slacktivism, clicktivism as new forms
of activity are studied, author’s judgments are given on the basis of scientific information on the effectiveness
of these forms of activity.
The author’s own statements and scientific conclusions about the use of new forms of activity and their
direct destructive impact on political culture in social networks were made using the methods of observation,
comparison, generalization, analysis and synthesis.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

І. І. Петренко, О. І. Салтовський, В. М. Федорченко, В. В. Колюх — Fri, 27 May 2022 15:09:57 +0000

Petrenko I. I., Saltovskyi O. I., Fedorchenko V. M., Kolyukh V. V. Features of public policy evaluation: lessons for Ukraine. – Article.
The peculiarities of the application of various models of public policy evaluation in foreign democracies are considered and prospects for their comprehensive use in Ukraine are identified in the article. It is established that in the English-language literature in the context of public policy evaluation two terms are used: "performance evaluation" (evaluation of specific results) and "evaluation of effectiveness" (evaluation of the achieved effect). It was found that the most generalized, depending on the subjects who carry out the assessment, two groups of models – internal and external – are distinguished. Approaches to public policy evaluation such as process evaluation and performance evaluation, as well as formative and final evaluation are also considered. Everett Vedung’s public policy assessment models are analyzed: assessment of goal achievement; evaluation of side effects; model of analysis of results; comprehensive assessment; assessment is customer-oriented; stakeholder model; productivity model; expert assessment model. Three approaches to the implementation of the procedure of evaluation of public policy of William Dunn are considered – pseudo-evaluation, formal evaluation, evaluation from the standpoint of decision theory. It is established that within each of the models a rather wide constellation of methods is used, which are chosen depending on the specifics of a particular policy and the relevant subject field. There is no universal methodological approach to choosing a system of methods, it all depends on the specific situation, practice and skills of experts. The choice of evaluation type and methods of evaluation research is influenced by such factors as: evaluation objectives; interests of the organization or individual groups; political conditions; availability of necessary resources and time for its carrying out. In the context of the widespread introduction of public policy evaluation in Ukraine, the authors conclude that it is necessary to take into account the specific features of the administrative and political system, which require the development and implementation of domestic evaluation methods. Efforts should be made to establish effective networks, including scientific societies, public authorities and civil society.

РЕСУРСИ ВПЛИВУ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ВІДЕОБЛОГУ НА СТАН ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

А. М. Прохоренко — Sat, 28 May 2022 17:18:16 +0000

Prokhorenko A. М. Resources of the influence of political video blogging on the state of political culture. – Article.
The article examines the resources with the help of which modern political video blogging is able to broadcast political information and influence the political consciousness of its audience. Particular attention is paid to the concept of a political meme – a short, extremely capacious, ironic information message that broadcasts a certain political idea in a concise form. The parts of the message are not one-dimensional, they are not served directly to the viewer of a political video blog, but are only assumed, which gives room for discrepancies, despite the position that any meme tends to be one-dimensional. The emotional response that a contextually encapsulated video of a talented political video blogger elicits forces the viewer to spread information about the video, share with him and contribute to its viral spread, which ultimately ensures the popularity of the
blogger and provides a potential opportunity to influence the balance of power in political life. A political meme strives to be replicated, obsessive in its dissemination, relies on the user’s emotional response and influences the formation of the political picture of the world. It is the use of political memes as media viruses that allows a political video blogger to gain popularity among the population to form political discourse through the reproduction and dispersal of his political ideas and statements. The article postulates that the direct
influence of video bloggers on the political consciousness of their audience is often dictated not by financial or power, but by ideological motives. Political video blogging has freedom of expression, unlike traditional media, which do not have time to adapt to the demands of the informational virtualized society. The article
emphasizes that despite the independence of the video blogging community from the ideologies being held, it has its own ability to regulate the quality of content and comply with ethical standards. However, the article does not give a positive or negative assessment to the phenomenon of political video blogging. Obviously, the degree of influence of bloggers on the political life of a particular society has yet to be assessed.

ДИСТАНЦІЙНА ОСВІТА

А. О. Сіленко, Н. В. Крук — Sat, 28 May 2022 17:24:44 +0000

Silenko A. A., Kruk N. V. Distance education: alternative or additional opportunities for traditional education? – Article.
The article analyzes the possibilities and prospects of distance learning in higher education, including in emergency situations.
The advantages and disadvantages of distance education, its importance in the life of students, teachers and the University are explored.
It is substantiated that the following reasons impede the strengthening of the position of distance education in the system of Ukrainian higher education: low level of Internet penetration; social inequality, as a result of which distance learning is more accessible to students from wealthy families; insufficient level of material and technical support of Universities; distance learning is designed for self-training of students, so the effectiveness of the educational process largely depends on the level of self-discipline and motivation of the student; lack of direct contact with the teacher, which is necessary to correct the educational process; limited possibilities of identifying a student during the performance of control activities.
But even with the solution of all these problems, no distance education can replace full-time education, which provides interactive communication of students with professors and associate professors, socialization in a professional team.
It is shown that in emergency situations, such as a pandemic, war, distance learning technologies were in great demand. Thanks to them, Universities were able to transfer the practices of offline education to online: lecturing and conducting practical classes according to the usual schedule. Students got the opportunity
to continue the educational process, and teachers retained their jobs.

ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПОЛІТИЧНЕ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ЯК УМОВА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

А. Б. Стичинська — Sat, 28 May 2022 17:33:21 +0000

Stychynska A. B. Military-political forecasting as a condition for ensuring the national security of the state. – Article.
Assessment of the military-political situation in the international and domestic dimensions is a basic condition for ensuring national security.
A special role belongs to the forecast conclusions, which in their content remain plausible, but significantly increase the certainty of the main goal in decision-making. Successful long-term military-political forecasting makes it possible to pursue policy policies taking into account the positive and negative aspects of the domestic or international environment, the use of preventive measures, rational decisions and overall minimizationof costs for their implementation.
The main tasks related to military-political forecasting include the following:
– forecasting possible military dangers and threats, based on the analysis of the real military-political situation;
– informing all subjects of military security about the nature and degree of danger of national interests, the
state of security objects and their ability to neutralize threats;
– making decisions at the earliest possible stage on the prevention and neutralization of military threats,
determining the capabilities of the state and the Armed Forces;
– mobilization of all subjects of military security to address the tasks of rapid response to emerging threats,
timely involvement of all forces and means to eliminate the existing danger;
– analysis of the effectiveness of the measures taken to end the military threat and, if necessary, make adjustments to previously adopted decisions.
Ensuring the military security of the state, which is the most important component of national security,
is determined by many factors. These include: the real and potential capabilities of the state and its military
organization; the level of military-political leadership; the degree of social and political stability of society;
coordination in the activities of the subjects of military security and others. But a special place among them is
the further theoretical development of the concept of military security of the state, which is impossible without
detailed military-political analysis and forecasting.

ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ ЄС

І. В. Габро, О. В. Шевчук — Sat, 28 May 2022 17:41:02 +0000

Habro I. V., Shevchuk O. V. EU environmental diplomacy tools. – Article.
The article considers the key tools of environmental diplomacy of the European Union. The main administrative instruments of European environmental policy are analyzed – such normative acts and documents
as conventions and directives, as well as regulations (Council Directive 85/337 / EEC of 27 June 1985 on the
assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment). 1210/90 of 7 May 1990
on the establishment of the European Environment Agency and the European Environment Information and
Observation Network).
The flexible market mechanisms of EU environmental diplomacy that are effective for application in all
priority areas of environmental policy are highlighted: in combating climate change and preserving biodi versity, protecting the environment and human health, ensuring sustainable use of natural resources. It was
emphasized that the current bilateral and multilateral negotiations on the liberalization of trade in clean goods
and services are also being used by the EU to promote global measures to mitigate climate change and create
business opportunities for European companies. Modern market instruments of EU environmental diplomacy also include environmental taxes introduced to change prices and thus consumer and producer policies;
environmental contributions introduced to fully or partially cover the costs of environmental services, measures to reduce pollution of water resources, waste disposal; environmental subsidies and benefits designed
to stimulate the development of new technologies, the creation of new markets for environmental goods and
services, and to support the achievement of high levels of environmental protection by companies; liability
and compensation schemes.
The EU uses its complementary foreign policy instruments, including political dialogue, international negotiations and financial instruments, to promote the sustainable development and climate change agenda and
promote its implementation in partner countries.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТРАНСКОРДОННОЇ СПІВПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ ТА СЛОВАЧЧИНИ

О. Б. Соколовський — Sat, 28 May 2022 17:47:30 +0000

Sokolovskyy O. B. Features of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Slovakia. – Article.
The article considers the main directions of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Slovakia, as
well as problems of their implementation. Slovakia is one of Ukraine’s important partners in the EU. She actively defends the Ukrainian Euro-Atlantic vector of politics. However, Slovakia has not always seen Ukraine
as a reliable and important eastern partner. For a long time, Slovakia’s main partner was Russia at the expense
of its energy resources, and Ukraine was seen as a transit country for these energy resources. The situation
changed dramatically after the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas. Slovakia has begun to actively expand cooperation with Ukraine in all areas, including cross-border cooperation. The Ukrainian-Slovak
cross-border region participates in the functioning of the Carpathian Euroregion. The projects implemented
within its framework are aimed at the development of municipal and green tourism, revival and preservation of cultural heritage, formation of a base of investment ideas and search for investors, development of
infrastructure, utilities, strengthening environmental security. The situation in the border regions of Slovakia,
in particular the Prešov district, was very similar to the situation in the Zakarpattia region of Ukraine, primarily in economic terms. One of the key tasks was to improve the economic situation in the border areas, as
well as to expand cooperation with Uzhgorod, as the largest border city. An important vector of cross-border
cooperation has been the improvement of security and, subsequently, the transparency of small border traffic.
In cross-border cooperation, Slovakia promotes the development of various economic, cultural and educational projects in Ukraine. Ukraine-Slovakia cooperation is positively affected by assistance from third countries
in cross-border cooperation, such as Norway, which often advises the parties on various issues. But despite all
the parties’ desire to jointly develop their regions, Ukraine lacks the political will to implement such projects,
or often slows them down. Despite the relatively short length of the common Ukrainian-Slovak border, the
region has significant potential for socio-economic growth not yet fully implemented. It comes down mainly
to administrative and cultural-ethnic issues of cooperation.

МІЖНАРОДНІ СТАНДАРТИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ У СФЕРІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Д. А. Чижов — Sat, 28 May 2022 18:20:31 +0000

Chyzhov D. А. International standards for ensuring human rights in the field of national security. – Article.
An important civilizational goal at the present stage of world economic development is to ensure the security of individuals, nations and the entire international community. Ukraine is under pressure from the global
financial and economic crisis. Therefore, the new national security strategy pays special attention to the mainstrategic risks and threats to socio-economic security, such as the preservation of human and civil rights.
The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and legal basis for the
implementation of international human rights standards in the field of national security.

НЕПРАВОМІРНА ВИГОДА ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ ЗЛОВЖИВАННЯ ВЛАДОЮ АБО СЛУЖБОВИМ СТАНОВИЩЕМ

Ю. В. Брайко — Sat, 28 May 2022 18:32:40 +0000

Braiko Yu. V. Illegal benefit as a subject of abuse of power or official position. – Article.
In the article, the author points out that one of the greatest threats to the planned and sustainable economic
development and political stability in Ukraine is the high level of corruption that permeates all spheres of
public life. In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 19 of the Constitution of Ukraine, bodies of state power and local self-government, their officials are obliged to act only on the basis, within the powers and in the manner
prescribed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. The public danger of abuse of power or official position
by officials can be extremely high, so the establishment of various types of legal liability for such actions is
a prerequisite for the existence of a legal society. The subject of criminal offenses, as a rule, is their optional
feature. At the same time, during the qualification of the investigated criminal illegal act, the latter affects
the qualification, and therefore must be clearly formulated by the legislator and established in the process of
official qualification.
The term "ill-gotten gains" includes several concepts that need to be clarified and clarified. First of all, it is
the concept of money. They in accordance with Art. 192 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is a legal tender, mandatory for acceptance at face value throughout Ukraine.
Property in accordance with Art. 190 of the Civil Code of Ukraine as a special object are a separate thing,
a set of things, as well as property rights and obligations. Property rights are a non-consumable thing.
Benefits may be the right to receive exceptional or higher material goods, services or benefits that rightfully
belong to an individual, and the illegal use of these benefits is when they receive them illegally and in violation
of the interests of others.
The term "Other benefits of an intangible or non-monetary nature" means: prompt consideration of a particular case; eulogy in the press; hiring or appointment without carrying out statutory measures or special
exams, or for violating the conditions of their passage; invitations to an exclusive event, etc.

ЦИФРОВА ГРИВНЯ – СТАНОВЛЕННЯ

С. О. Грицай — Mon, 30 May 2022 08:39:30 +0000

Hrytsai S. O. The digital hryvnia – formation. – Article.
The article investigates the recent trend in changes in the regulatory framework of Ukraine, aimed at the formation of digital money of the Central Bank of Ukraine. Central banks are the basis of all changes transforming the monetary and financial system. They pave the way for innovation, reinforcing public confidence in money. The role of central banks is to lay the foundations for a sound currency by maintaining the unit of account, guaranteeing payments, providing liquidity, and conducting oversight – elements that can be described as "the public goods of a central bank." Looking ahead, there are many types of payment solutions, including central
bank digital currencies (CBDC), as long as central banks can continue to provide these goods. The purpose
of the article is to conduct a study of the regulations of Ukraine, digital money – as a digital currency of the
central bank, for sufficiency to start their operation. According to the results of the study we can argue that
for the establishment in Ukraine CBDC – digital hryvnia need to eliminate existing legal defects. And such
priority, in the opinion of the author, at the time of writing the following two elements of this future innovative financial ecosystem, as the formation of a legal framework for the introduction of special accounts and
ensuring the security of digital money by the National Bank of Ukraine are considered. What can be done
through the introduction of amendments to Article 34 "Issue" of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank
of Ukraine", where, among other things, to specify that: banknotes, coins and digital money of the National
Bank are unconditional obligations of the National Bank and are secured by all its assets. Changes in the
Civil Code of Ukraine may look like option by introducing in connection with the adoption of Law 1591 new
paragraph 7 "Digital Money Accounts" and new articles to it, in particular the new article 1076-11 "Digital
Money Account Agreement" and article 1076-12 "Digital Money Account Transactions", which should describe the mechanism of working with digital money.

ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНИЙ СТАТУС ПРЕДСТАВНИКА ПЕРСОНАЛУ ОРГАНУ ПРОБАЦІЇ В КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРОВАДЖЕННІ

А. М. Соцький — Mon, 30 May 2022 09:35:55 +0000

Sotckyi A. M. Procedural status of the representative of the probation body in criminal proceedings. –
Article.
The article examines the procedural status of the representative of the staff of the probation body in criminal proceedings. In criminal proceedings, such a type of probation is actively used as providing the court with
information that characterizes the accused person to make a fair decision (preparation of a pre-trial report).
Pre-trial probation is the provision of the court with formalized information that characterizes the accused,
in order for the court to decide on the extent of his responsibility. The procedural status of the representative
of the staff of the probation body in criminal proceedings is interdependent with the preparation of a pre-trial
report. When compiling a pre-trial report, the representative of the probation body has a set of rights and
responsibilities defined in the CPC of Ukraine. In order to exercise some of the rights of the probation officer,
clear responsibilities of other actors must be established.
The article concludes that it is also problematic if the accused provides false information to the probation
officer, which will have consequences for the accused. We believe that a clearer mechanism should be developed to exercise the rights of the probation officer’s representative in criminal proceedings, so that it is not
reduced to a formal approach to the meaning of the pre-trial report itself.
The obligation of the probation officer to prepare a pre-trial report within the time limit specified in the
court decision has been analyzed, which is often difficult in practice. Whereas the representative of the staff
of the probation body should during this time: on the day of receipt of the court decision, register it in the
register of persons in respect of whom court decisions have been received for a pre-trial report; to initiate
a case on the basis of the pre-trial report against the accused; to form in the process of preparation of the pre-trial report all documents attached to the case on the basis of the pre-trial report on the accused; no later than the
day following the day of receipt of the court ruling, the accused shall send a summons to the probation body
for an interview; to hold a conversation with the accused during the preparation of the pre-trial report.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПРИНЦИПУ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТІ У ВІДНОСИНАХ ІЗ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ НАСЕЛЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19

Н. В. Шелевер — Mon, 30 May 2022 09:46:15 +0000

Shelever N. V. Implementation of the principle of social justice in relationship with social support in the condition of the COVID-19 pandemic: experience of the Ukraine and European Union countries. – Article.
In the article the author investigates the implementation of the principle of social justice in the relationship of social support during the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. Social support is an organizational and legal form of social security. Due to the lack of research on the implementation of the principle of justice in
relations with social support of Ukrainians during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the author aims to study the national experience on this issue and the experience of leading European countries to implement it into domestic legislation. In the article the author draws attention to the fact that the support of the state should be based on the principle of justice, and in our state such a principle is very often violated. The sphere of social support is no exception. Currently, the consequence of such a violation is legal nihilism, mass migration of Ukrainians to the member states of the European Union.An analysis of the current legislation states that social support of the population, paradoxically, is not the duty of the state, but only its right. Ukraine’s social security system is imperfect, and the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in even higher unemployment and «working poor». During the quarantine, Ukraine signed a loan agreement and received funds to support vulnerable groups. However, CEDOS recognizes Ukraine’s housing policy as socially unfair, as the state provides subsidies to people who are not poor. This organization identifies the following socially vulnerable categories of persons: internally displaced persons, young people, migrants. In Australia, business investment support is provided; supported cash flows for employers; payments are made to households to support their growth. According to the author, in Ukraine the violation of the principle of social justice is distance learning of schoolchildren. It is proposed to increase the social protection of certain segments of the population. The author emphasizes that in our country it is extremely difficult to implement the principle of social justice due to the high level of corruption of Ukrainian officials and the imitation of reforms.